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In Germany was completed the match between the champion of peace of chess by Russian Vladimir kramnik and computer Deep Fritz 10. Sum of the duel, which consisted of six parties - 4:2 in favor of machine. For man, in contrast to the matches Of kramnik - Deep Fritz 7 (2002) and the Caspar - X3D Fritz (2003) could not be won in the computer of one party. Result, if we consider ourselves, is very sad: even in the famous match Of kasparova with Deep Blue in 1997, won by computer with the preponderance into one point, one of the parties was completed in favor of man. Now computer increased its ability to withstand rupture. Here is characteristic quotation from the interview Of kramnika on the eve of the last party of the match: "I played with Fritz about 60 training parties into rapid chess, on 10 minutes, moreover only by black - it won only two! I can say that there were many nich'ikh... Therefore I understood, that also in the match will many nich'ikh... only if we I will be play well, and with the poor game of nich'ikh it will be little!". Game with the computer by something resembles journey in the manner of that described in the fairy tale "Alisa in Zazerkal'e": "it is necessary to escape from all forces in order to only remain on the spot, and in order to fall somewhere, necessary to run two times more rapidly". Here this constant need for "running two times more rapidly", possibly, and became the reason for the fatal error Of kramnika in the second party - almost only, by the way, where it, according to the estimations of many specialists, had real chances to the victory. And it is necessary to such to happen, that precisely in this party Of kramnik passed the mat in one course! Such "yawns"......... the acting champions of peace, in any case, on the official competitions with the classical control of time, allowed still never. According to the eyewitnesses, operator Fritz Matthias Feist for a while after that made Kramnikom of motion threw the puzzled views first on the board, then on the screen of its monitor, one cannot believe that the champion of peace allowed similar. At the end of party appeared many commentaries from the field of cognitive psychology, which explain, as such could occur. They spoke, that the lusterless construction, which occurred to be in the party, is encountered more frequently in the tasks and the studies, than in the practical game, and about the fact that Kramnik concentrated at this moment its attention in other section of board, but to the lusterless threat it did not turn attention, because motion, its created, had another central objective - the restoration of the material balance. "these are not entirely those chess, into which it is necessary to play against the computer. Position in the sixth party was approximately equal, but to computer it proved to be on the soul. Certainly, I understood, which is heavy and I should it was necessary risk, if I wanted to win, and me it was desirable to conquer. So that 4 consciously it went to the sufficiently serious risk, but it did not come out this time. I knew that in me it is less chances to win than to lose, because computer was strong in such positions. 4 I cannot itself blame, thus it came out. I do not think that it played bad, simply to keep balance to man in such positions against the machine very difficultly. If this match passes again, I will be more experimentally and will better play. Takeing into account, certainly the fact that in me there will be the time to leisure and preparation. But there will be still this duel? This not on me depends, but I is ready to play, and I think that this history is not yet closed with present duel. Encounter was approximately equal, and to fight with the computer is possible ". Vladimir kramnik, the absolute champion of peace of chess All this sounds plausibly, and nevertheless, it appears, in the game against the living enemy Of kramnik of this error it did not allow. Since in many respects it is for sure the consequence of colossal stress, which experiences everyone - even very strong - "protein" chess player in the fight against the "iron". However, indeed from the first is running man "walks on the razor blade": the least error computer uses with the benefit for itself, for "reciprocal courtesy" to design it does not be worthwhile, but already about that used in the competitions of people tactician, that is consisted in the attempt in the difficult situation to tangle enemy in the complications, and it does not be worthwhile to speak: it is widely acknowledged what to attempt to compete with the computer in the calculating game - this is suicide. Machine either simply will not go to the unfavorable version or coldly will eat the material proposed and it liquidates all possible threats by accurate protection. Completely in a human manner ob"yasnimo and the defeat Of kramnika in the sixth, final party. Calculation 2:3, is the possibility to save match in the case of the gain of last party "to order". Once, in the duel to the superiority of peace against the "protein" partner, the Hungarian of Peter leko Kramniku this it succeeded, true, by white color. But - number did not pass against the computer - black, and the need for sharp game to the gain against the machine led the champion of peace to the loss of pawn, and then to the regular loss of party. To the man the constant pressure of enemy, who plays by black color, and the sequential forcing of stress behind the board perhaps and would show some action, but computer does not know what psychology is - it simply counts versions. By the way, the American grand master Of larri Kristiansen named one of the maneuvers of machine in the decisive party of match - the transfer of boat along route e1-e3-g3 for the attack of the royal flank of blacks - the "maneuver of cave person", however, in the opinion Of kramnika, idea was altogether only uncommon in the prevailing position, but was by no means it poor. To Vladimir, probably it is more visible: if Kristiansen controlled game from the side and was evaluated the transfer of boat from the general considerations, then Kramnik behind the board it ascertained that problems for itself white by this motion did not create, but it means, it has right to the life.
Crime and nakazaniye
Voobshche the matches of elite grand masters with the computers introduced into contemporary chess one important tendency: game became more than "concrete". Now who is rare with the analysis, in contrast to the grand masters of old school, it will decide to reject motion only because it appears by call to all known principles. It turned out that sometimes the "plain" motions cannot be refuted, but it means, they have right to the life, even if they are not plotted in the framework of standards. Nonstandard game - generally one of the instruments of man in the fight with the machine, however, as noted prior to the beginning of match Kramnik itself, to play nonstandard it does not mean to play illogically: "for this Fritz will punish you immediately". It cannot be said that in the courses Of kramnika in the sixth party there is no logic, but very champion of peace estimated a number of his it was running as "neostrozhnye". For which also followed, on his words, the "punishment itself": computer weakened and won pawn "and", moreover he used for this of threat on the opposite flank. By the way, it is interesting, as estimated these threats Kramnik itself. "I would be very contented by such position, play 4 with the man. However, against the computer there there are some problems ". "if we look ourselves, then it becomes clear that Vladimir kramnik played at the summit level. I will say honestly, when we were prepared for the match, then did not think that he it will be able so to come out. Russian grand master barely made mistakes, if we do not consider that yawn in the second party. I generally think that no in the world of man, who thus could play with the artificial intellect. From other side was felt the fatigue in the game Of kramnika, if not this duel with The the topalovym, to us it would be much more complexly win. The last party Of kramnik lost, because too he wanted to conquer and went to the aggravation, and exactly here computer it was strong, but in entire 4 he did not say that we won, because they were more strongly, faster Kramnik it did not play on the limit of its possibilities ". Fredrik Friedel, creator Deep Fritz By the way, Matthias Feist noted before the last party of the match: "computer constantly is improved, but also man also". This to the question of why such matches are generally necessary and that generally they give to chess humanity besides fee into 500 thousand dollars to its individual representatives. It is possible that as people will learn to each other behind the board these "some problems themselves" to create. And to punish its already "protein" enemies for the illogical game by nonstandard motions. Strictly, process already went. Certainly, hardly people will begin to mass use the anti-computer methods, analogous so that in almost the crystal clear form it were encountered in the first party of the match, when Kramnik accurately simplified position to the maximum, in this case it left on the board of six figures, without giving to computer the right to connect the endshpil'nuyu base (but this was possibly only in the case, when figures, including kings, on board five or less) - at least because in any person this "base" find in the memory and "is connected" when conveniently. However, without leaving a trace such matches do not pass. Another question - how much them still will be? Feist expressed the intention to battle with the people and further, after agreeing in this case Kramnikom in the fact that generally it cannot be played in 5 years with the computer. The President OF FIDE Of kirsan Of ilyumzhinov, by the way, considers that this period should be reduced more than twice. Creators Fritz to understand is possible: their creation brings to them not only moral satisfaction, and information about the fact that Deep Fritz 10 conquered the champion of peace, on other sites is accompanied by nenavyazchivoy hyper-reference with the words "order program you can directly now". However, this intention calls to mind perhaps that Mikhail tal's answer to a question of one woman journalist "for what discharge I I can design, if I win 24 parties in Fisher and Talya?": "if you win 12 parties in Fisher, 4 with you play not I will be!" Is possible to assume that if the computer wins even not 12, but at least 4 parties in a row in Kramnika, with it also to play will refuse without the large risk. Possibly, the ways of "protein" and "iron" chess players in this case will be radiated finally, and the creators of computer programs will undertake, for example, game GO, after adding popularity to it and to themselves.
Fight with the computer out of the board.
It can be, in this case less sharp will become the problem "chiterstva" - i.e., the use of a computer for obtaining the aid in the competitions between the people, where this aid is not provided by the rules entirely. The scales of this phenomenon begin already to frighten. In New York on Monday on 4 December even the special conference, dedicated to fight with the computer prompts, took place. Very fact of its conducting speaks, that the problem in connection with strengthening of computers became very unhealthy. However, in this chess peace had the capability to be convinced in the course of unifying match in the elista, where, in spite of unprecedented "anti-computer" measures, scandal, connected with the possible use of prompts of machine by one of the participants, it became central event, after eclipsing by itself strictly chess. It is possible to recall the also very piquant history, which occurred in 1999, when 55- summer local amateur Klemens al'verman at the tournament in Beblingere destroyed several grand masters, after declaring to one of them the mat into eight it was running, which these grand masters themselves could not find in the analysis even reporting and which "saw" only computer program. This confirms that the suspicious methods of the achievement of victory can be used not only on the elite, but also at the mass tournaments, where any control to fix considerably more complex. So that the duel Of kramnika with Fritz became strength test not only for Vladimir, but also for the royal game as a whole. It remains to hope that the threat of "computer death" of chess will prove to be just as ephemeral as the threat of "in a draw death", which by many seemed inevitable of years 70-80 back.